Essay topics and literature
What is a essay?
An essay is a short piece of writing on a topic related to the course, where you have selected the approach and for which you have gotten the teacher’s approval. An essay is not a thesis and it does not have to create new knowledge on the topic but show expertise acquired from source literature. However, an essay differs from a summary as the purpose is to produce an independent text on the selected topic based on a number of sources. Your perspective and opinions are valuable but remember to always justify them carefully. The most important characteristic of an essay – the individual voice – does not mean free stream of consciousness as it is a scientific text, but a well-reasoned analysis based on source materials and literature and the reflections rising from them.
A good guideline is that you can comment on the literature and have a discussion with it, a kind of a dialogue. An essay shows expertise on the topic and an understanding and command of the source materials.
In evaluation of the essay, attention is paid to how well the topic is narrowed down, command of the course contents, neatness of the layout, grammar, and the outline and structure of the essay. For the evaluation of the contents, it is also considered how well the arguments and interpretations have been justified. Please, read essay instructions carefully before you start writing and also check the format of the essay before returning the essay for evaluation. Evaluation scale is Pass/Fail.
Essay 1





The course starts with an introduction to what the family is today, to the family as a social institution and system, and to the different trends and perspectives in family studies. Before you start writing the assignment, please carefully read the writing guidelines and manuals.
Using the literature provided, write an annotated paper with a perspective you can choose from the following three themes (i.e. choose your own theme):
- family in the context of close relationships
- theoretical approaches and research trends concerning the family
- the family from a gender and generational perspective
- family as a diverse community
Write your report by choosing one work from the literature below. The length of the paper should be 3–5 pages without cover page. The literature should appear in the paper.
Literature:
- Allen, K. A. & Henderson, A. C. 2017. Family Theories: Foundations and Applications.
OR
- Golombok, Susan 2015. Modern Families: Parents and Children in New Family Forms. Cambridge University Press.
Essay 2






You can choose the topic of the second assignment of the course independently from the following options:
- The role of the family in a child’s growth and development
- Parenting, parenting practices and resources
- Family support and educational cooperation
You can further define your own perspective on your chosen topic, e.g. you could look specifically at parenting as a fatherhood issue, or focus on multicultural families, families with children in need of support, parental stress and its relation to children’s growth and development, how to support families and parents effectively, etc. 3. You can write a mini thesis, for example by collecting material from articles in the press on your topic and reviewing them in the light of the source literature. Thus, title your essay yourself!
In addition to the references, use statistical material (links and sources below) and lectures in your essay! The essay is 10 pages in length, excluding cover page, table of contents, sources and appendices. You can use our ready-made essay template as the basis for your essay. Again, please read carefully the instructions for writing your essay and for citing sources.
You can base your essay on literature, including books, articles and reports. If necessary, you can also use material from online links. There should be at least 6 references from books and articles- part, and 2 reports.
Literature:
First: Curriculums and laws concerning education
Second:
Topic 1. The role of the family in a child’s growth and development
- Niemi, P., Nurmi, J.-E., Lyyra, A.-L., Lerkkanen, M.-K., Lepola, J., Poskiparta, E., & Poikkeus, A.-M. 2011. Task avoidance, number skills and parental learning difficulties as predictors of poor response to instruction. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 44, 459–471.
- Lerkkanen, M.-K., & Pakarinen, E. 2021. Parental Trust in Teachers and Children’s Interest in Reading and Math: A Longitudinal Study. European Education, 53(3–4), 152–167.
- Khanolainen, D., Psyridou, M., Silinskas, G., Lerkkanen, M.-K., Niemi, P., Poikkeus, A.-M., & Torppa, M. 2020. Longitudinal effects of the home learning environment and parental difficulties on reading and math development across Grades 1–9. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 577981.
- Khanolainen, D., Koponen, T., Eklund, K., Gerike, G., Psyridou, M., Lerkkanen, M.-K., Aro, M., & Torppa, M. 2023. Parental influences on the development of single and co-occurring difficulties in reading and arithmetic fluency. Learning and Individual Differences, 105, Article 102321.
- Khanolainen, D.,Salminen, J., Eklund, K., Lerkkanen, M.-K., & Torppa, M. 2022. Intergenerational transmission of dyslexia: How do different identification methods of parental difficulties influence the conclusions regarding children’s risk for dyslexia? Reading Research Quarterly, 58(2), 220–239.
- Lankinen, V., Lähteenmäki, M., Kaljonen, A. & Korpilahti, P. 2020. Father–child activities and paternal attitudes in early child language development: the STEPS study.
- Neitola, M. 2018. Parents as Teachers and Guides of Their Children´s Social Skills. Journal of Early Childhood Education Research 7(2), 392–414.
- Ristikari, T., Merikukka, M. & Hakovirta, M. 2018. The significance of timing and duration of social assistance receipt during childhood on early adult outcomes. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 9(3), 312–326.
- Silinskas, G., Viljaranta, J., Poikkeus, A.-M., & Lerkkanen, M.-K. 2022. Maternal homework approach and adolescents’ academic skills: The mediating role of task values. Frontiers in Education, 7, Article 999128.
- Kiuru, N., Laursen, B., Aunola, K., Zhang, X., Lerkkanen, M.-K., Leskinen, E., Tolvanen, A., & Nurmi, J.-E. 2016. Positive Teacher Affect and Maternal Support Facilitate Adjustment after the Transition to First Grade. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 62 (2), 158–178.
Topic 2. Parenting, parenting practices and resources
- Sorkkila, M., & Aunola, K. 2020. Risk factors for parental burnout among Finnish parents: The role of socially prescribed perfectionism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29 (3), 648–659.
- Zarra-Nezhad, M., Viljaranta, J., Sajaniemi, N., Aunola, K., & Lerkkanen, M.-K. 2022. The impact of children’s socioemotional development on parenting styles: the moderating effect of social withdrawal. Early Child Development and Care, 192:7, 1032–1044.
- Malinen, K., Rönkä, A., Sevón, E., & Schoebi, D. 2017. The difficulty of being a professional, a parent, and a spouse on the same day: Daily spillover of workplace interactions on parenting, and the role of spousal support. Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community, 45 (3), 156–167.
- Beckmeyer, J. J. et al. 2020. Family management practices and positive youth development in stepfamilies and single‐mother families. Family Relations, 69(1), 92–108.
- Rönkä, A., Malinen, K., Metsäpelto, R.-L., Laakso, M.-L., Sevón, E., & Verhoef-van Dorp, M. 2017. Parental working time patterns and children’s socioemotional well-being: Comparing working parents in Finland, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Children and Youth Services Review, 76, 133–141.
- Sevón, E. 2015. Who’s Got the Power?: Young Children’s Power and Agency in the Child-Parent Relationship. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 6 (4–1), 622–645.
- Sikiö, R., Siekkinen, M., Holopainen, L., Silinskas, G., Lerkkanen, M.-K., & Nurmi, J.-E. 2017. Maternal parenting styles, homework help, and children’s literacy development in language minority and Finnish-speaking families. European Journal of Psychology of Education.
- Roth, S. & Faldet, A.-C. 2020. Being a mother of children with special needs during educational transitions: positioning when ‘fighting against a superpower’. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 35:4, 559–566.
Topic 3: Family support and educational cooperation
- Lähteenmäki, M., Hakyemez-Paul, S. & Pihlaja, P. 2019. Formal and informal sources of paternal support in early parenthood. Early Child Development and Care.
- Hakyemez-Paul, S., Pihlaja, P. & Silvennoinen, H. 2018. Factors affecting early childhood educators’ views and practices of parental involvement. Journal of Early Childhood Education Research.
- Abela, A. & Walker, J. 2013. Contemporary Issues in Family Studies : Global Perspectives on Partnerships, Parenting and Support in a Changing World. Wiley Blackwell. (e.g., Part two)
- Sevcan Hakyemez. P., Pihlaja, P. & Silvennoinen, H. 2018. Parental involvement in Finnish day care – what do early childhood educators say? European Early Childhood Education Research Journal,
- Vlasov, J. & Hujala, E. 2017. Parent-teacher co-operation in early childhood education – Directors’ views to changes in the USA, Russia, and Finland. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal (EECERJ), 25(5), 732–746.
- Uusimäki, L., Yngvesson, T.E., Garvis, S. & Harju-Luukkainen, H. 2019. Parental Involvement in ECEC in Finland and in Sweden. In S. Garvis et al. (eds.). Nordic Families, Children and Early Childhood Education, Studies Childhood and Youth.
- Heiskanen, N. et. al. 2019. Intertextual Voices of Children, Parents, and Specialists in Individual Education Plans. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 36–53.
- Orell, M. & Pihlaja, P. Cooperation between home and school in the Finnish Core Curriculum 2014. Nordic Studies in Education 2020; 2: 107–128.
- Thompson, I., Willemse, M., Mutton, T., Burn, K. & De Brüine, E. 2018. Teacher Education and Family-School Partnerships in Different Contexts: A cross Country Analysis of National Teacher Education Frameworks Across a Range of European Countries. Journal of Education for Teaching.
- Alanko, A. 2018. Preparing Pre-service Teachers for Home-School Cooperation – Exploring Finnish Teacher education programmes. Journal of Education for Teaching, 44(3), 321–332.
- Averill, R., Metson, A. & Bailey, S. 2016. Enhancing Parental Involvement in Student Learning. Curriculum Matters, 12, 109–131.
- Böök, M. L. & Perälä-Littunen, S. 2015. Responsability in Home-School Relations: Finnish Parents Views. Children and Society, 29(6), 615–625.
- Helgøy, I. & Homme, A. 2017. Increasing Parental Participation at School Level: A ’Citizen to serve’ or a ’customer to steer’? Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy.
- Ahtola, A., Turunen, T., Björn, P. M., Poikonen, P.-L., Kontoniemi, M., Lerkkanen, M.-K., & Nurmi, J.-E. 2015. The concordance between teachers’ and parents’ perceptions of school transition practices: A solid base for the future. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research.
- Kuusimäki, A.-M., Uusitalo, L. & Tirri, K. 2021. Predictors of Parental Contentment with the Amount of Encouraging Digital Feedback from teachers in Finnish Schools. Educ. Sci. 2021, 11, 253.
In addition of former articles you can find others (not older than 10 years): e.g, here https://www.jyu.fi/fi/hankkeet/alkuportaat-seurantatutkimus









